Understanding Dysfunctions During Mentoring Relationships

A few years ago we took our daughter and herbeing built. It is your life that can be destroyed. You
friends to Imire Game Park, near the small town ofcan start with a relationship that is sound and solid
Marondera in Zimbabwe, for her birthday party. Itand get to a point where your mentor is intimidated
was an exhilarating day, which was capped by aby who you are. When you continue in that
game drive. We saw an interesting phenomenonrelationship, you will self-destruct. You should be able
when we met a herd of buffalo. This herd included ato say, "Thank you very much. I really appreciate
towering elephant who acted as the matriarch. Thiswhat you have done. I will always respect you but I
elephant grew up with the buffalo and thought that itthink at this stage I am moving on". You control the
is a buffalo. It protected and defended them. Itrelationship and never the other way.
refuses to associate with elephant herds. At oneYou cannot stand before the throne of God or any
time a bull elephant was introduced to her for mating.court of law to say, "I am not liable for my actions
They were kept in the same pen. It attacked andsince my mentor counselled me to do this". At the
killed the intruder because it felt that its turf wasend of the day you are accountable for all the
being invaded and its authority undermined. Thisdecisions you make. It does not matter how much
elephant thought that it was a buffalo. Psychologicallycounsel you get - it is your life and destiny at stake,
it was improperly nurtured and was not exposed toand therefore you have the final responsibility over all
mature elephants and therefore its thinking is warped.decisions affecting your life. It is your responsibility to
It has lived its life below par. Though it protects thelive your life according to your understanding of the
herd of buffalo, it aggressively attacks any would-berevelation of the will of God, not according to your
threat to its authority. Its strong nurturing instinctmentor's understanding. However you are also liable
when coupled to its warped sense of identity madefor the consequences of that understanding should it
it a menace to any potential champions in the herd.prove deficient.
She was happy as long as the buffalo and membersI take in counsel but I retain the final responsibility.
of the herd were in their place and no one dared toSimilarly business executives have final responsibility
rise to championship.over the recommendations of consultants. They
Sadly there are dysfunctional mentoring relationshipscannot shirk responsibility on the basis of the
with mentors who act like the matriarchal elephantconsultant's opinion. They still need to assess the
among buffalo. They will support and encourage theirconsultant's input and then make a decision whose
charges as long as they do not outgrow theconsequences they will live with. My pastor always
matriarchal elephant. Any growth beyond a certainsays we are not guided by prophetic words. They
level of influence poses a threat to the mentor whoare not the rule of thumb for the way we live. I
then seeks to destroy the protege. Althoughseek to understand them and interpret them and
mentoring is a force for good, if abused it canmake the final decision. I am finally accountable for
destroy rather than nurture champions. Mentoring canevery decision I make. Even if it's my mentor who
build you or sow seeds for your destructiontold me to do it, if I am not in agreement I am able
depending on the spirit and character of your mentor.to tell him that I am still weighing my options. I should
Mentoring is excellent but it has its pitfalls. There arebe able to engage my mentor and let him explain his
some dysfunctional mentoring relationships.reasoning and the assumptions of his counsel. I do
Consider this biblical case. Eli, the priest, had problemsnot have to do it simply because he told me to.
restraining his children who abused women andI led a young man to Christ in 1984 and mentored
sacrifices at the temple in ancient Israel. He mentoredhim. By God's grace he qualified as a medical
Samuel, the prophet who was brought to the templepractitioner. At some point I caught him trying to
by her mother. In later years he also had problemsrecruit some of my staff away from me. Such is life.
restraining his children who became unruly. SamuelMentoring relationships do not always work out the
mentored David who subsequently had problemsway you think. You have things like that. You will
restraining his own children. It appears to me thatdevelop people and they steal your business or
mentoring has potential to pass on the weaknessescustomers. Some of your star sales people whom
of the mentor as well. In biblical language this couldyou have groomed will turn around and hurt you. But
be considered as a form of transference/impartationyou need to have the capacity to forgive and keep
of spirits. It is known psychologically that when weblessing people because your call is to influence
communicate intimately we communicate our wordspeople for God and to touch the world for him. He
as well as our moods, attitudes and our spiritualnever said everybody will appreciate you, neither did
demeanour. Is it possible that we can also pass onhe say there will be no challenges. So as mentors,
our negative character flaws as well as what couldyou will be hurt but you need to move on and keep
be called generational iniquities?building people. That's life. You will not stop nurturing
I know an organisation where people complain aboutthough others disappoint you. It is therefore apparent
certain characteristics, mannerisms and dysfunctionalthat dysfunctional mentoring can also originate from
leadership styles of the founder. Yet the majority ofthe emerging champion.
the middle managers in that organisation behaveDysfunctional mentoring does not occur as often as
exactly the same way towards their subordinates.good relationships. However it's important to
One day I said to one of the middle mangers, "Dorecognise that dysfunctional mentoring does exist
you realize that you are repeating the leader'sand can have severe consequences. There is
behaviours that you disdain?" He was shocked. Whatpotential for mentoring relationships to change over
they detested in their leader, they replicated in theirtime and become dissatisfying and destructive as
own lives. By relating to that mentor they inheritedindividual needs and/or organizational circumstances
his weaknesses as well. When you relate closely to achange. It is therefore possible for a perfectly sound
person the spirit that works in them is transferred tomentoring relationship to turn dysfunctional. Since
you as well. That's why you eventually have intimatementoring relationships are often intimate, the
people behave in very similar ways.consequences of negative interactions could be
One way to control for the weaknesses of mentorsdetrimental to both mentoring partners and other
is to have multiple mentors, in which case one willrelated parties.
cover for the other. In certain critical areas you mustA recent study concluded that mentoring is not a
have a number of people you are accountable to.simple, all-or-none matter but falls along a continuum
That protects you. Proverbs says, "In the multitudeof effectiveness. Individuals in highly satisfying
of counsellors there is safety". The good thing aboutmentoring relationships reported more positive
multiple mentors is that it restores the responsibilityattitudes than non-mentored individuals, but the
to make the final decision to the protege. Theattitudes of those in dissatisfying or marginally
mentors give different perspectives but it is thesatisfying relationships were equivalent to those of
responsibility of the emerging champion to analysenon-mentored individuals. In some cases
the diverse views and then take an informednon-mentored individuals expressed more positive
decision. Too many people substitute mentors forattitudes than people in dissatisfying relationships.
their own decision-making responsibility. It's a fear ofAlthough it is clear that good mentoring leads to
being responsible for the consequences of theirpositive outcomes, bad mentoring may be
decisions and so they look for mentors who woulddestructive. In some cases, it may be worse than no
carry the risk. The Makoni amplified version of thementoring at all. Although truly dysfunctional
Shona proverb says, "For maximum benefit frommentoring relationships are likely to terminate,
counsel, have the ability to think independently aboutrelationships that are marginally effective may simply
the counsel given."endure. Perhaps these relationships endure because
If a mentor is uncomfortable with you consultingthe mentoring partner receives some limited help
others, it is likely that he is seeking control. Youfrom the mentor, or because he does not want to
should be able to have brainstorming sessions withrisk negative repercussions from terminating the
both mentors sometimes. It does not have to berelationship. Perhaps, these marginal, dependent or
adversarial. They are on the same team whose briefabusive relationships serve needs that are simply
and mandate is to facilitate your achieving maximumdysfunctional; some individuals may seek
impact.dysfunctional work relationships just as they seek
I want to state categorically that in a mentoringdysfunctional home relationships. Dysfunctional
relationship the control remains with the protege. Ifmentoring relationships may result in more harm than
you believe that your mentor is too controlling, it's upnot being mentored.
to you to draw the boundary. It is your life that is